With a US Focus, What is the Relationship Between Paid Maternity Leave and Voluntary Resignation?

[Excerpt] While the working public desires paid leave, the vast majority of businesses don’t want to fund it, and do not want the government mandating they be responsible. This lack of funding maintains the disadvantaged position of women in the workplace

What are Best Practices for Preparing High-Potentials for Future Leadership Roles?

As global organizations flatten hierarchies in an effort to run lean, dynamic middle managers play an increasingly important role. The best companies emphasize succession planning, requiring leadership take a determined and disciplined approach to help leaders develop and rise within their organizations. As a means of investment, firms have established clear career paths and provided career development experiences for their organization’s highest potentials. High-performing organizations have narrowed their focus to foster and develop the following key competencies: Change management capabilities are the top priority for high-potentials’ professional development. They should be prepared to influence and drive performance in a dynamic environment, where the only true constant is change. A leadership mindset is equally important for middle managers looking to advance in their career. Consistently, organizations are redefining the term “leader” to apply at multiple levels, and not just at the highest level. This includes the capabilities to make tough decisions in ambiguous business environments. Communication skills play a pivotal role in managing horizontal integration in complex organizations. The need to clearly and effectively communicate both up and down in the organizations is paramount. Possessing an understanding of team dynamics should also be a high priority. The capability to lead and develop talent is also essential for maintaining momentum for the future growth

What Motivates Recent Graduates to Join High-Tech Companies?

[Excerpt] Although the current generation is often panned as a “self-­‐absorbed”, the truth is that the millennial worker is motivated by the same incentives that motivated the previous two generations (Gen X, Baby Boomers). What differentiates millennials from preceding generations is their high level of technological awareness and the impact that has on their methods of working. They possess a keen understanding of the varied and emergent technologies, and are comfortable using social media and other technology platforms to work, research, collaborate and socialize

iPSC-Derived Microglia as a Model to Study Inflammation in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with unknown cause in the majority of patients, who are therefore considered "idiopathic" (IPD). PD predominantly affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), yet the pathology is not limited to this cell type. Advancing age is considered the main risk factor for the development of IPD and greatly influences the function of microglia, the immune cells of the brain. With increasing age, microglia become dysfunctional and release pro-inflammatory factors into the extracellular space, which promote neuronal cell death. Accordingly, neuroinflammation has also been described as a feature of PD. So far, studies exploring inflammatory pathways in IPD patient samples have primarily focused on blood-derived immune cells or brain sections, but rarely investigated patient microglia in vitro. Accordingly, we decided to explore the contribution of microglia to IPD in a comparative manner using, both, iPSC-derived cultures and postmortem tissue. Our meta-analysis of published RNAseq datasets indicated an upregulation of IL10 and IL1B in nigral tissue from IPD patients. We observed increased expression levels of these cytokines in microglia compared to neurons using our single-cell midbrain atlas. Moreover, IL10 and IL1B were upregulated in IPD compared to control microglia. Next, to validate these findings in vitro, we generated IPD patient microglia from iPSCs using an established differentiation protocol. IPD microglia were more readily primed as indicated by elevated IL1B and IL10 gene expression and higher mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 after LPS treatment. In addition, IPD microglia had higher phagocytic capacity under basal conditions-a phenotype that was further exacerbated upon stimulation with LPS, suggesting an aberrant microglial function. Our results demonstrate the significance of microglia as the key player in the neuroinflammation process in IPD. While our study highlights the importance of microglia-mediated inflammatory signaling in IPD, further investigations will be needed to explore particular disease mechanisms in these cells

Maternal Colonization With Group B Streptococcus and Serotype Distribution Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.

Background: Maternal rectovaginal colonization with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most common pathway for GBS disease in mother, fetus, and newborn. This article, the second in a series estimating the burden of GBS, aims to determine the prevalence and serotype distribution of GBS colonizing pregnant women worldwide. Methods: We conducted systematic literature reviews (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature [LILACS], World Health Organization Library Information System [WHOLIS], and Scopus), organized Chinese language searches, and sought unpublished data from investigator groups. We applied broad inclusion criteria to maximize data inputs, particularly from low- and middle-income contexts, and then applied new meta-analyses to adjust for studies with less-sensitive sampling and laboratory techniques. We undertook meta-analyses to derive pooled estimates of maternal GBS colonization prevalence at national and regional levels. Results: The dataset regarding colonization included 390 articles, 85 countries, and a total of 299924 pregnant women. Our adjusted estimate for maternal GBS colonization worldwide was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-19%), with regional variation (11%-35%), and lower prevalence in Southern Asia (12.5% [95% CI, 10%-15%]) and Eastern Asia (11% [95% CI, 10%-12%]). Bacterial serotypes I-V account for 98% of identified colonizing GBS isolates worldwide. Serotype III, associated with invasive disease, accounts for 25% (95% CI, 23%-28%), but is less frequent in some South American and Asian countries. Serotypes VI-IX are more common in Asia. Conclusions: GBS colonizes pregnant women worldwide, but prevalence and serotype distribution vary, even after adjusting for laboratory methods. Lower GBS maternal colonization prevalence, with less serotype III, may help to explain lower GBS disease incidence in regions such as Asia. High prevalence worldwide, and more serotype data, are relevant to prevention efforts

За кадры. 1975. № 37 (1872)

Победа! 1945 / В. КолесниковПусть кончена война... / В. ПетровПраздник, который всегда со мной / Б. ЯковлевВ боях за Родину / А. АлчубаевНа передовых позициях / В. ГычевУходили в поход партизаны. 1941-1942 / И. Т. Лозовский"Считайте меня коммунистом". 1943 / Р. ГорскаяРазведка идет первой. 1944 / М. ЭтштейнЕсть в России солдатское мужество / О. СеливерстоваСклоняю голову... / В. БурковНам дороги эти позабыть нельзя. Литературная викторина / Т. ЗаплавнаяВеликий подви